Toxins and Antidotes

Knowledge is Power, Preparation is Love

Our homes are sanctuaries, but hidden dangers can lurk in plain sight for our curious companions. This guide is a critical resource, but it is not a substitute for professional veterinary care.

🚨 If you suspect poisoning, call your vet or the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center immediately: (888) 426-4435

Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

A common pain reliever highly toxic to pets, especially cats, causing liver failure and red blood cell damage.

Antidote: N-acetylcysteine

Anticoagulant Rodenticides

Found in many rat poisons, these prevent blood from clotting, leading to internal bleeding.

Antidote: Vitamin K1 / Plasma

Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3)

A type of rodent poison that causes a life-threatening increase in blood calcium, leading to acute kidney failure.

Antidote: Calcitonin / Pamidronate

Ethylene Glycol (Antifreeze)

Extremely dangerous, even in small amounts. Its sweet taste is attractive to pets, but it causes severe kidney failure.

Antidote: Fomepizole (4-MP) / Ethanol

Organophosphates & Carbamates

Ingredients in some insecticides that can cause severe neurological effects, including seizures and respiratory failure.

Antidote: Atropine / Pralidoxime (2-PAM)

Metaldehyde (Snail Bait)

The active ingredient in many snail baits. It is extremely toxic, causing uncontrollable seizures and tremors.

Antidote: Methocarbamol

Heavy Metals (Lead, Zinc, etc.)

Found in old paint, batteries, and other sources, these metals cause severe gastrointestinal and neurological damage.

Antidote: Calcium EDTA or Dimercaprol

Iron

Common in supplements. An overdose is corrosive to the GI tract and can cause severe liver damage.

Antidote: Deferoxamine

Opioids / Narcotics

Powerful pain medications that can cause profound respiratory and central nervous system depression.

Antidote: Naloxone

Calcium Channel Blockers

Blood pressure medications that can cause a life-threatening drop in blood pressure and heart rate.

Antidote: Calcium gluconate / Lipids

Albuterol

Often found in asthma inhalers. An overdose can cause a life-threatening spike in heart rate.

Antidote: Propranolol

Insulin Overdose

Can occur in diabetic pets, causing a dangerous drop in blood sugar that leads to seizures and coma.

Antidote: Glucose / Dextrose

Test Your Knowledge

Check your understanding of common pet toxins and their treatments with this quick quiz.

1. A pet has ingested antifreeze (Ethylene Glycol). Which of the following is a primary antidote?

2. If a dog consumes anticoagulant rat poison, what is the most likely treatment?

3. A cat has ingested Acetaminophen (Tylenol). What is the correct antidote?

4. Which toxin is specifically counteracted by the antidote Naloxone?

5. Poisoning by organophosphate insecticides is treated with which antidote?

Quiz Complete!